#Felix candela rib roof series
L'Umbracle It stands out for being a modern construction from where you can see the entire complex of the City of Arts and Sciences and in which a series of parallel arcades, in the form of a shade, cover a long and narrow garden of palm trees and other Mediterranean plants. It is dedicated to music and the performing arts. The building has four large rooms: the Main Room, the Master Classroom, the Amphitheater and theChamber Theater. Palacio de las Artes Reina Sofía It is the opera of Valencia's theater and seat of the Orchestra of the Valencian Community. The programming offers topics of science and technology and changes periodically. L'Hemisfèric It is an IMAX cinema projection room, planetarium and a laser in the shape of an eye, with an area of approximately 13.000 m². Great importance is placed on the interactivity of temporary and permanent exhibitions (its motto is "Prohibited not to touch, not to feel, not to think"). It occupies about 40,000 m² spread over three floors. Its goal is to create interest in scientific and technological knowledge through fun and entertainment. Prince Felipe Museum of Science In a shape similar to the skeleton of a dinosaur, it is an interactive museum dedicated to science, technology and the environment. The Access Building, which welcomes visitors, and the Underwater Restaurant stand out because of their spectacular roofs designed by Félix Candela.
In addition to this there is also the Dolphinarium, with 24 million liters of water and depth of 10,5 meters. Every buildin represtes one of the following aquatic environment: Mediterranean, Wetlands, Temperate and Tropical Seas, Oceans, Antarctic, Islands and the Red Sea. The planter's main marine ecosystems are all represented. The structural design of the roof was designed by engineers Alberto Domingo and Carlos Lázaro. The outside was designed in the form of a water lily by architect Adrián Peláez Coronado, who was born in Valencia.
The Oceanographic It is the biggest oceanographic acquarium in Europe, with 110.000 square meters and 42 million liters of water. The City of Arts and Sciences consists of several buildings : Its construction is currently being finalized. It was opened on Apwith the opening of Hemisférico. His patent pending construction design and methods to create a lightweight, flat concrete roof, supported by ribbed walls, extends the excellence and insights of the Spanish and Mexican master architects.The City of Arts and Science (in Valencian and officially Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències ) i s an architectural, cultural and entertainment complex located at the end of the old Turia riverbed, d esigned by Santiago Calatrava and Félix Candela, in association with the engineers responsible for the structural design of the Oceanographic Alberto Domingo and Carlos Lázaro. He has never stopped working and has addressed a major issue: roofing. Working extensively in the 1950’s and 1960’s, Eugenio Aburto created many private homes and apartment buildings out of concrete and rammed earth. His most striking building is the restaurant at Xochimilco, built in 1958, consisting of six identical paraboloid vaults." ( University of Memphis) He adopted the hyperbolic paraboloid form as his trademark and, making use of favorable labor costs, built many factories and churches in and around Mexico City using this form. Practicing mostly in Mexico City, he designed the Cosmic Ray Laboratory, with a 5/8 inch thick shell roof, for the University of Mexico City. "The master of the concrete shell, without dispute, would be the Spanish-born mathematician-engineer-architect, Felix Candela. Torroja was also responsible for the statically elegant cantilevered stadium roof at the Madrid Hippodrome in 1935.
In 1930 Eduardo Torroja, the brilliant Spanish engineer, designed a low-rise dome of 3.5-in thickness and 150-ft span for the market at Algeciras, using steel cables for a tension ring. “Reinforced concrete permitted the development of an entirety new building form-the thin shell. Engineered Concrete became a major material and process for building during the 20th Century.
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